引用本文：张曼蓉,沈睿璠,李靖欣.疫苗的成本-效益和成本-效果分析方法的比较[J].预防医学论坛，2025，31（10）：721-726.10.16406/j.pmt.issn.1672-9153.2025.10.01

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疫苗的成本-效益和成本-效果分析方法的比较

张曼蓉¹，沈睿璠¹，李靖欣²

ZHANG Man-rong，SHEN Rui-fan，LI Jing-xin 

1.东南大学公共卫生学院；2.中国药科大学理学院；3.江苏省疾病预防控制中心(江苏省预防医学科学院)国家卫生健康委肠道病原微生物重点实验室

1.SchoolofPublicHealth,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing,Jiangsu210009,China;2.SchoolofScience,ChinaPharmaceuticalUniversity;3.KeyLaboratoryofIntestinalPathogenicMicroorganismsofNationalHealthCommission,JiangsuProvincialCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention (JiangsuAcademyofPreventiveMedicine)

摘要：疫苗经济学评价系统主要是用来比较不同疫苗免疫策略的成本与产生的社会经济效益或健康效果，可为免疫规划策略的制定提供重要科学依据。成本-效益分析与成本-效果分析是最核心的两种评价方法。成本-效益分析将疫苗接种的成本与效益均统一量化为货币形式进行综合评估，尤其适用于效益易于货币化的情境；而成本-效果分析则通过特定的健康效果指标直接衡量策略的经济性，更适用于健康产出难以货币化的领域。本文旨在系统综述这两种方法的基本概念、核心评价指标，结合实际案例，重点阐述成本、效果及效益的识别与计量方法，明晰两种方法的决策判定原则，对比分析各自的优势与局限性，并探讨两种方法在疫苗经济学评价方面的应用发展方向，以期为推动我国疫苗经济学评价的规范应用与研究深化提供参考。

Abstract：The economic evaluation of vaccines systematically compares the costs and the resulting socioeconomic benefits or health outcomes of different immunization strategies, thereby providing a critical scientific basis for the formulation of immunization planning policies.Cost-benefit analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis are the two core evaluation methods.Cost-benefit analysis comprehensively assesses both the costs and benefits of vaccination by uniformly quantifying them in monetary terms, making it particularly suitable for scenarios where benefits are readily monetized.In contrast, cost-effectiveness analysis directly measures the economic efficiency of a strategy using specific health outcome measures, rendering it more applicable to fields where health outcomes are difficult to monetize.This paper aims to systematically review the fundamental concepts and core evaluation indicators of these two methods.Using practical case studies, it will focus on elucidating the identification and measurement of costs, effectiveness, and benefits, clarifying theirrespective decision-making criteria.Furthermore, a comparative analysis of their advantages and limitations will be conduct-ed.The paper will also explore future directions for their application in vaccine economic evaluation, with the objective of providing a reference to promote the standardized application and deepen the research of vaccine economics in our country.

关键词：成本-效益分析;成本-效果分析;疫苗;经济学评价
KeyWords:Cost-benefit analysis;Cost-effectiveness analysis;Vaccine;Evaluation of economics

基金项目：国家自然科学基金委国际(地区)合作与交流项目(72361127503)

Foundation:International (Regional) Cooperation and Exchange Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China

DOI：10.16406/j.pmt.issn.1672-9153.2025.9.01